What is lignocellulosic material?

Lignocellulosic materials including wood, agricultural, or forestry wastes are a mixture of natural polymers based on lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, and tannins with more than two hydroxyl groups per molecule, and can be used as polyols for polyurethane preparation [137].

Why is lignocellulosic biomass used?

Lignocellulosic biomass has potential to be used as raw material to produce biojet fuel. Such kind of biomass usually involves agricultural residues and other wastes; thus the availability of lignocellulosic biomass is ensured. Moreover, giving a second use to residues helps to reduce their inappropriate disposal.

What are lignocellulosic biofuels?

Second generation biofuels are called lignocellulosic biofuels since they are produced from non-edible biomass such as energy crops, agricultural and forest residues, which are cheap, abundant and renewable [7,28,29].

What is lignocellulose waste?

Lignocellulose refers to plant dry matter (biomass), so called lignocellulosic biomass. Waste biomass is produced as a low value byproduct of various industrial sectors such as agriculture (corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, straw etc.) and forestry (saw mill and paper mill discards).

Is Sugarcane a lignocellulosic?

In the sugarcane industry, large amounts of lignocellulosic residues are generated, which includes bagasse, straw, and tops. The use of the whole sugarcane lignocellulosic biomass for the production of second-generation (2G) ethanol can be a potential alternative to contribute to the economic viability of this process.

What is lignocellulosic secondary cell wall?

The second polysaccharide component of lignocellulose is hemicellulose, which accounts for 15–30% of the plant cell wall. Hemicelluloses are imbedded in the plant cell walls, and one of their main functions is to bind cellulose microfibrils to strengthen the cell wall.

Is an example of cellulosic biomass?

Cellulosic biomass is the structural portion of plants, including complex sugars that cannot directly be used for food ingredients or fermentation substrates. Agricultural residues (corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, spent sugar beet pulp and sweet sorghum, etc.) …

Which are the different categories of biofuel?

The two most common types of biofuels in use today are ethanol and biodiesel, both of which represent the first generation of biofuel technology. The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) is collaborating with industry to develop next-generation biofuels made from non-food (cellulosic and algae-based) resources.

How are lignin and wood connected?

The lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses in wood are polymers that behave similarly to the artificial polymers and are bonded together in wood. Lignin differs from the other two substances by its highly branched, amorphous, three-dimensional structure.

How much ethanol is in a ton of sugarcane?

Thus, from one tonne of cane, mills can produce 115 kg of sugar (at 11.5% recovery) and 45 kg of molasses (18 kg TFS) that gives 10.8 litres of ethanol.