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What is a diploid RNA virus?

What is a diploid RNA virus?

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, like all retroviruses, is “diploid.” Each viral particle contains two RNA strands of positive polarity, each full length and potentially able to replicate (1). No other virus families, RNA or DNA, are diploid.

What are the four types of RNA viruses?

1.1. RNA Viruses. Human diseases causing RNA viruses include Orthomyxoviruses, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Ebola disease, SARS, influenza, polio measles and retrovirus including adult Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Can a virus be single-stranded RNA?

Retroviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that can integrate into the genome of cells, which results in stable replication and transmission to all the progeny of these cells.

What are common RNA viruses?

Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include the common cold, influenza, SARS, MERS, COVID-19, Dengue Virus, hepatitis C, hepatitis E, West Nile fever, Ebola virus disease, rabies, polio, mumps, and measles.

How do RNA viruses reproduce?

RNA viruses replicate their genomes via one of two unique pathways—either by RNA-dependent RNA synthesis, or among the retroviruses, by RNA-dependent DNA synthesis (reverse transcription) followed by DNA replication and transcription.

How are RNA viruses able to replicate their genome?

RNA viruses replicate their genomes using virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The RNA genome is the template for synthesis of additional RNA strands. During replication of RNA viruses, there are at least three types of RNA that must be synthesized: the genome, a copy of the genome (copy genome), and mRNAs.

What kind of RNA does covid-19 virus have?

“The genome of the virus COVID-19 is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. It is well known that other positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses evade NMD by having RNA structures that prevent NMD from degrading viral RNAs.”

How are single stranded RNA viruses evade NMD?

It is well known that other positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses evade NMD by having RNA structures that prevent NMD from degrading viral RNAs.” Maquat’s lab has been collaborating with a lab at Harvard University to test how viral proteins can inhibit the NMD machinery.

How are RNA and DNA viruses zoonotic and transmissible?

Many new and emerging RNA and DNA viruses are zoonotic or have zoonotic origins in an animal reservoir that is usually mammalian and sometimes avian. Not all zoonotic viruses are transmissible (directly or by an arthropod vector) between human hosts.