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What is the difference between sporulation and germination?

What is the difference between sporulation and germination?

As nouns the difference between sporulation and germination is that sporulation is the process of a bacterium becoming a spore while germination is the process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or growth from a seed or spore; the first development of germs, either animal or vegetable.

Is Bacillus polymyxa heat resistant?

The results indicate that the organic acids in their undissociated forms were effective in reducing the heat resistance of P. polymyxa spore suspension. (1997) reported that lactic acid was more effective than citric acid in decreasing the heat resistance of Bacillus coagulans spores at 100 °C.

What is the basic shape of paenibacillus Polymyxa?

P. polymyxa is an anaerobic nitrogen-fixing Gram-positive bacterium that is rod-shaped, 0.6 by 3.0 μm in size, and produces pale colonies on agar [3].

What is sporulation example?

They are thick-walled spores produced directly from hyphal cells. They may be terminal or intercalary. They store reserve food material and are capable of withstanding long unfavourable conditions. For example, Rhizopus, Agaricus (mushroom), etc.

What are the stages of sporulation?

Stages of sporulation:

  • Stage 0.
  • Stage I: Axial filament formation stage.
  • Stage II: forespore formation.
  • Stage III: engulfment of forespore.
  • Stage IV: synthesis of exosporium.
  • Stage V: synthesis of dipicolonic cacid.

What bacteria is heat resistant?

Thermophilic bacteria thrive in some of the hottest places on earth (above 131 degrees Fahrenheit), including hydrothermal vents in the ocean and hot springs. Some notable thermophiles include Pyrolobus fumari, Strain 121, Chloroflexus aurantiacus, Thermus aquaticus and Thermus thermophilus.

Why are spores so heat resistant?

The ability of bacterial spores to withstand heat is known to be associated with a lowering of their water content. This partial dehydration is considered to be produced by reverse osmosis, with the pressure being applied by the cortex as it is growing.

Where is paenibacillus Polymyxa found?

soil
Paenibacillus polymyxa, also known as Bacillus polymyxa, is a Gram-positive bacterium capable of fixing nitrogen. It is found in soil, plant tissues, marine sediments and hot springs. It may have a role in forest ecosystems and potential future applications as a biofertilizer and biocontrol agent in agriculture.

Is paenibacillus spore-forming?

Paenibacillus is a spore-forming bacterial genus that is frequently isolated from fluid milk and is proposed to play a role in spoilage.

How are the spores of Paenibacillus polymyxa prepared?

The spores of P. polymyxa prepared at different temperatures were characterized with respect to the dipicolinic acid content, heat resistance, fatty acid composition and germination. Spores prepared at 37°C showed higher heat resistance than those prepared at 25 and 30°C.

What’s the difference between spores at 25 and 37°C?

Spores prepared at 37°C showed higher heat resistance than those prepared at 25 and 30°C. However, the germination rate was negatively correlated with the sporulation temperature. The maximum germination rate of the spores prepared at 25°C was 1.3-times higher than the spores prepared at 30°C.

What can Paenibacillus polymyxa sqr-21 be used for?

Paenibacillus polymyxa SQR-21, which is antagonistic against Fusarium oxysporum, is used as a biocontrol agent and, when mixed with organic substances for solid fermentation, produces a bioorganic fertilizer.