What are the functions of phenylalanine?

Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid that is used to produce proteins and signaling molecules. It has been studied as a treatment for several medical conditions but is dangerous for those with a specific genetic disorder.

What are the properties of phenylalanine?

Phenylalanine F (Phe) As the name suggests, phenylalanine, an essential amino acid, is a derivative of alanine with a phenyl substituent on the β carbon. Phenylalanine is quite hydrophobic and even the free amino acid is not very soluble in water.

What is the difference between the structure of tyrosine and phenylalanine?

The key difference between phenylalanine and tyrosine is that phenylalanine is an essential amino acid which cannot be made in our body and must be included into the diet while tyrosine is a nonessential amino acid which can be formed from the phenylalanine in our body.

What is the function of valine?

Valine is a branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.

What is the purpose of proline?

The body uses proline to make proteins, such as collagen. Collagen is found in the skin, bones, and joints. Proline is also involved in the general function of cells.

What is unique about proline?

Role in structure: Proline is unique in that it is the only amino acid where the side chain is connected to the protein backbone twice, forming a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring. Proline plays important roles in molecular recognition, particularly in intracellular signalling.

How are the two chambers of the heart different?

Chambers of the Heart. The two ventricles are thick-walled chambers that forcefully pump blood out of the heart. Differences in thickness of the heart chamber walls are due to variations in the amount of myocardium present, which reflects the amount of force each chamber is required to generate.

Which is part of the heart is made of squamous epithelium?

The endocardium lines the chambers where the blood circulates and covers the heart valves. It is made of simple squamous epithelium called endothelium, which is continuous with the endothelial lining of the blood vessels.

What makes up the lining of the pericardial cavity?

The walls and lining of the pericardial cavity are a special membrane known as the pericardium. Pericardium is a type of serous membrane that produces serous fluid to lubricate the heart and prevent friction between the ever beating heart and its surrounding organs.

How are the left and right sides of the heart separated?

The left and right sides of the heart are separated by the interatrial and interventricular septa which are continuous with each other. Furthermore, the atria are separated from the ventricles by the atrioventricular septa.