What are IKK inhibitors?

The inhibitor of upstream IκB kinase (IKK), PS1145, is a small molecule which can specifically inhibit the IκB phosphorylation and degradation and the subsequent nuclear translocation of NF-κB. The present study aims to determine the anti-tumor activity of PS1145 on NPC.

Where is IKK?

The IκB kinase (IKK) is an enzyme complex that is involved in propagating the cellular response to inflammation. The IκB kinase enzyme complex is part of the upstream NF-κB signal transduction cascade.

What is the role of IkB?

The IkBs bind to NF-kB dimers and sterically block the function of their NLSs, thereby causing their cytoplasmic retention. In order to get NF-kB into the nucleus, its site of action, the cytoplasmic NF-kB:IkB complex needs to be disrupted.

What activates IKK?

Activation of IKK depends on phosphorylation of its IKKβ subunit (Delhase et al., 1999). The first evidence of a role for phosphorylation in IKK activation was obtained by treatment of purified, activated IKK complex with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which resulted in IKK inactivation (DiDonato et al., 1997).

What is NF-kB pathway?

What is NF-kB pathway? NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells) is a family of highly conserved transcription factors that regulate many important cellular behaviours, in particular, inflammatory responses, cellular growth and apoptosis.

What is IKK pathway?

Summary. The inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) complex is the master regulator of the NF-κB signaling pathway. The activation of the IKK complex is a tightly regulated, highly stimulus-specific, and target-specific event that is essential for the plethora of functions attributed to NF-κB.

How does Nfkb cause apoptosis?

Here we demonstrate that inhibition of NF-kB leads to loss of the induction of FasL expression and reduced apoptosis while simultaneously increasing the sensitivity of these cells to DEX mediated apoptosis. Thus NF-kB has both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic functions within a single cell type.

What is NFKB pathway?

What happens when NF kB pathway is activated?

A common signaling event of the PRRs is activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway, which is responsible for transcriptional induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and additional inflammatory mediators in different types of innate immune cells (Figure 1).

Are there any small molecule inhibitors of IKK2?

The small-molecule inhibitor of IKK2 SAR113945, developed by Sanofi-Aventis, was evaluated in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Model organisms have been used in the study of IKK-β function. The size of an infarct, or tissue killed or damaged by ischemia, is reduced in mice in which IKK-β has been blocked.

What is the function of IKK in the immune system?

IKK-β is an enzyme that serves as a protein subunit of IκB kinase, which is a component of the cytokine -activated intracellular signaling pathway involved in triggering immune responses. IKK’s activity causes activation of a transcription factor known as Nuclear Transcription factor kappa-B or NF-κB.

How are NF-κB, IκB and IKK related?

Present at the end of both pathways are the proteins NF-κB, IκB, and the IκB kinase (IKK). These proteins work together to deliver the myriad outcomes that influence context-dependent transcriptional control in immune cells.

How does IKK-β work in the brain?

IKK-β plays a significant role in brain cells following a stroke. [citation needed] If NF-κB activation by IKK-β is blocked, damaged cells within the brain stay alive, and according to a study performed by the University of Heidelberg and the University of Ulm, the cells even appear to make some recovery.