What are the three levels of processing according to Craik and Lockhart?

Their theory proposes that humans undertake three levels of processing, shallow intermediate or deep, when dealing with verbal information. Craik and Lockhart also focused on rehearsal, the process of cycling information through memory.

What are the levels of processing elaboration and distinctiveness?

Elaboration is vital to processing for deriving meaning and interconnecting concepts with one another. The deeper the level of processing during encoding, the higher the distinctiveness and elaboration associated with the memory, and thus the better the ability to recall the memory trace.

What are deep processing strategies?

Deep processing is a way of learning in which you try to make the information meaningful to yourself. On the other hand, surface-level strategies are about memorizing information as presented, with little thought of your own.

How did Craik and Tulving Test level of processing?

How Craik & Tulving set out to test level of processing In 1975, the researchers conducted an experiment in which participants were shown a list of 60 words. They were then asked to recall certain words by being shown one of three questions, each testing a different level of processing, similar to: Was the word in capital letters or lower case?

What does Craik and Lockhart mean by levels of processing?

The levels of processing model (Craik and Lockhart, 1972) focuses on the depth of processing involved in memory, and predicts the deeper information is processed, the longer a memory trace will last. Craik defined depth as: “the meaningfulness extracted from the stimulus rather than in terms of the number…

How did they test the depth of processing?

In 1975, the researchers conducted an experiment in which participants were shown a list of 60 words. They were then asked to recall certain words by being shown one of three questions, each testing a different level of processing, similar to:

Is the Craik and Tulving experiment ecological validity?

Craik & Tulving’s experiment lacks a degree of ecological validity in that only word recall is tested. In reality whereas structural and visual processing might be expected to higher if a person had been asked to recall a picture they had seen, for example.